Drive technologies for electric vehicles
Battery-electric vehicles ⇒ Power source: lithium battery (lithium-ion battery)
- Electrical energy is converted into mechanical energy without CO2 emissions. Electrical energy, chemically stored in the battery, is made available to the electric motor. High-voltage battery mainly for the engine, low-voltage battery for smaller consumers, such as on-board electronics, radio, lighting; power supply for the components is regulated via the battery management system (BMS); use of high-voltage cables (such as LEONI Hivocar®)
- Charging of the batteries via charging stations, various charging types (AC, DC) up to high power charging with special cables (HPC); charger for AC charging inside the vehicle (on-board charging), for DC charging in the station; charging port is the interface between the battery and the power source; special charging infrastructure required
Fuel cell vehicles ⇒ Power source: fuel cell, hydrogen technology
- In the fuel cell, electrical energy is released from hydrogen and oxygen in a chemical reaction. The electricity is either converted directly into motion in the electric motor or temporarily stored in a battery.
- Refuelling at hydrogen filling stations, which can basically be integrated into existing filling stations (e.g. H2 Mobility GmbH & Co. KG)
Hybrid vehicles ⇒ power source: combustion and electric motor connected by control unit
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Full hybrid: can drive with either of the two drive types
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Two-mode hybrid system: works like a continuously variable transmission
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First mode: for low speeds and high loads. Combined operation (electric combustion engine) as well as purely battery-powered driving possible. During stop-and-go traffic, the internal combustion engine stays off
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Second mode: for cross-country trips
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Plug-in hybrid (also socket hybrid): The battery can be charged both via the internal combustion engine and on the power grid
Standards for electric vehicles and charging systems
ISO 19642-1:2019
Road vehicles – Automotive cables
„One for all“, new since 1/2019, global valid overall standard for automotive cables
DIN EN ISO 15118 – 1:2019-08, EN ISO 15118 – 1:2019
Road vehicles – Vehicle to grid communication interface
DIN EN ISO 17409:2017-07
Electrically propelled road vehicles - Connection to an external electric power supply - Safety requirements
DIN EN IEC 61851-1:2019-12
Electric vehicle conductive charging system
DIN EN 62196-1:2015-06, IEC 62196
Plugs, socket-outlets, vehicle connectors and vehicle inlets - Conductive charging of electric vehicles
DIN EN 62752:2017-04
In-cable control and protection device for mode 2 charging of electric road vehicles
IEC 62893-1:2017
Charging cables for electric vehicles for rated voltages up to and including 0,6/1 kV
DIN EN 50620:2020-03
Electric cables – Charging cables for electric vehicles
Legal information
Laws and guidelines for electromobility promotion
Electromobility Law Map
Map of central strategies, laws and regulations at European, federal, state and local level (with links)
Framework conditions and incentives for electric vehicles and charging infrastructure
Organisations
National platform for E-Mobility
ZVEI
Germany‘s Electrical Industry Association
CharIN (Charging Interface Initiative e. V.)
The CharIN Vision: Developing and establishing the Combined Charging System (CCS) as the global standard for charging battery powered electric vehicles
OPEN Alliance SIG (One Pair EtherNet Alliance Special Interest Group)
A non-profit, open industry alliance of mainly automotive industry and technology providers collaborating to encourage wide scale adoption of Ethernet-based networks as the standard in automotive networking applications.
AUTOSAR (AUTomotive Open System ARchitecture)
A worldwide development partnership of vehicle manufacturers, suppliers, service providers and companies from the automotive electronics, semiconductor and software industry.
DKE German Commission for Electrical Engineering
expertise centre for electrotechnical standardization in Germany
Ionity: Charging infrastructure
Europe-wide establishment and expansion, "High Power Charging Network", joint venture of the OEMs
H2 Mobility GmbH & Co. KG
Responsible for the nationwide establishment of a hydrogen infrastructure to supply cars with fuel cell drives in Germany